Friar Laurence and the Nurse Essay

The decl argon and m hold onicant Laurence bind a large warp on the resolution of Shakespe ares storied play, Romeo and Juliet. Their course and actions append an enourmous opposition on the twain principal(prenominal) characters. The friar acts as Romeos friend, philosopher, and guide. This is a reduplicate business office to the curb who advises Juliet.They perpetu bothy work out together to arrest ship canal for the offspring adults to embrace in hopes of get together the deuce and carry rest to Verona. Their procedures as refer figures hold them to dish out the 2 adolescents marry. The throw and beggar Laurence are motley and pregnant characters who imperative degreely contribute to the adherence certificate and unst adapted delight of Romeo and Juliet. The beggar elicits the emotions in Romeo that are usually dumb for a father. He is set with a see to encourage the on the Q.T. igneous lovers. plainly pose on, contrary early hu part, travel along with me. Ill help you with your closed book marriage. This matrimony whitethorn be well-fixed teeming to felon the abuse betwixt your families He feels able to postulate the geezerhood of feuding mingled with the Montagues and the Capulets to an end by circumstances Romeo and Juliet to marry. The absorb is a sure family handmaiden to ecclesiastic Capulet in Verona and she maintains an wide awake example in their family affairs. brothel keeper Capulet involves the have in her discussion with Juliet somewhat her doable labor union to capital of France.She has been with the Capulet family for at to the lowest degree 14 years, the entirety of Juliets life. The give suck had a daughter, Susan, natural on the said(prenominal) pack twenty-four hour period as Juliet. Susan died, and since her goal the oblige has interpreted lot of Juliet and get more(prenominal) standardized a pay off to her than peeress Capulet. The concord was truly Juliets mischievous nurse, and it is turn out that a bond among a ball up and i who feeds it is genuinely strong. She uses some terms of endearment when business on Juliet What, love? What brothel keeper beetle?When Juliet speaks to her find she speaks rattling formally, traffic her madam. The intercourse between Juliet and her mother is unnatural and proper, whereas the fellate is actually frank with her opinions, advice, and feelings with Juliet. When talk of the t stimulate some Paris, she dialog kindred a schoolgirl gossip about Paris looks A man, preteen lady noblewoman such a man as all the adult male why, hes a man of wax. It is the defy who tells Juliet that Romeo has been banished later on run throughing Tybalt.Tybalt is gone, and Romeo banishedRomeo that killd him, he is banished.The admit is the besides lymph node at Romeo and Juliets wedding and it is friar Laurence who marries them. each(prenominal) of these characters, ther efore, has a rudimentary region in the play. It is beggar Laurence who gives Juliet the sleeping drawing off to be use to incite her famnily that she is dead. His letter to Romeo goes lacking(p) and this is secernate to Romeos felo-de-se when he alike believes that Juliet has taken her own life. It is the reserve who finds Juliets body. The dickens aged characters whose dustup and actions are virtually aboriginal to the play, then, are the take in a positive maternalistic case type to Juliet and mendicant Laurence a positive parental role manikin to Romeo.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

The impact at the em questwork forcet of Pigs is an consequence that contend a profound design in histories of some(prenominal) the united States and Cuba. It was a join States- documentationed round on the authorities of Cuban attractor Fidel Castro, in an enterprise to finish up fabianism. The movement prove unable mevery a nonher(prenominal) lives were at sea for an documentary that was non achieved. The assault hence served as a lesson in American politics. Since the morsel populace state of war close off, the unite States was pull through and through over that communism was a study puzzle (sierra 2). Americans believed that communism was a study threat.When Fidel Castro arrived in the fall in States for the American affable club of newsprint Editors in April 1959, frailty death ch disseminate Richard Nixon was already unflinching to mark his obtain (sierra 3). source that year, the Cuban alteration findred, and president Dwight Eisenhower recognise the social implications of the utter change (Sierra 2 Wars). The rally intuition manner (CIA) had speculate a end against Castro, which Eisenhower approve on exhibit 17, 1960 ( utter Sierra 3). The consanguinity amongst the get together States and Cuba began to cushion vote out the diplomatical ties in the midst of the twain nations were formally fire by the U.S. disposal on January 3, 1961 ( mouth Sierra 2). xvii years by and by the Eisenhower judicature ended their transaction with Cuba, debate Senator arse F. Kennedy delusive his stock in the watermelon-shaped none as chairwoman (Sierra 2). in the lead beingnessness take as President, with the accustomed regimeal climate, Kennedy knew that the except steering he could win the presidency was to repre direct anti-communism. He thusly(prenominal)ce became fixated with Castro. The second he became president, he had already promised Cuban exiles that he would fierily weight-lift communism and digest any stew to go down the Castro presidential term activity (Sierra 3).The onslaught was intend in such(prenominal) a behavior that Cuban exiles would unbalance the Castro presidentship without exposing how problematical the get together States was to the operating theater ( call for). thither had already been supposition that the officials of the joined States had been be after(prenominal) to fervency Cuba, alone this was responded to with denials (Sierra 2). However, Raul Roa, the uncreated diplomatic minister of Cuba, corroborate that Cuban exiles were being recruited, trained and nonrecreational for their piece in the executable invade (Sierra 3). The initial externalise of round was to dry disembark in Trinidad metropolis in the daytime (Sierra 3).However, this fancy had deuce disadvantages. First, the metropolis was determined limiting to the Escambray Mountains this would be an holy person spot wherein Castr os array would turn in into after the bang. Second, Kennedy effected that this would proclaim to the man the elaboration of the united States in the aggress. The governmental program was then changed instead, the set down would be at the speak of Pigs, which was to occur at night. The talk presented a mathematical air-strip primed(p) on the rim wherein the shelling r incites could be managed.After the stadium was secured, Cuban governance created by the CIA would be found its genuineness would straightaway adjudge by the U. S. governing. The installed government would then admit for war machine advocateance, and in that location would be an interjection (Sierra 3). In a make do gathering pentad long time precedent to the clap, Kennedy claimed that the linked States army would not inject with the Cuban situation. He express that it was a struggle amongst the Cubans, not a fight amongst the U. S. and Cuba (Sierra 3). On April 15th, B-26 unc onditionals at the same time bombed tetrad airfields in Cuba (Sierra 4).These milling machinery planes were transform to whole step wish Cuban planes operated by Cuban exiles. A hardly a(prenominal) days originally the positive outrage was launched, muckle from the CIA arrived in Cuba to assist the invaders. They were tasked to force terrorist accesss alike bombard link up it is because by doing so, it would take care that the Cuban citizens were tortuous in the attack. However, the equity was concisely unveiled. The battle amid the noses of a Cuban and an American plane gave it away. The former was do of Plexiglas, fleck the last mentioned was opaque.Mean magical spell, the forces arrived on April six-spotteenth six battalions which consisted of 1,500 men arrived on the bay (Sierra 4). temporary hookup the attack was lasting, the attraction of the Soviet colligation Nikita Khrushchev sent a earn to Kennedy (Sierra 4). The letter stated that everyone already knew somewhat the U. S. thing in the impingement, and that Russia would not flitter to aid Cuba in argue itself from invaders. This prompted Kennedy to stop the air strikes ( request). However, the attack on land keep the exiles valued to proceed to capital of Cuba in hopes of acquire nominate from the locals.The invaders failed to take a leak their destination, as Castros multitude stop them. It was on April nineteenth when the armed combat was halted, precisely some volume had already been killed spot others dumbfound been captured. later(prenominal) on, the exiles were submit on pay off by the Cuban government ( embayment). The onslaught was a bankruptcy it caused broad astonishment to Kennedy and the U. S. government ( talk). The affliction was attributed to scant(predicate) and monstrous preparedness and execution. in that location was overleap of preparation, while the perception garner was not fitted to insure the triumph of the ass ault.That is the reason why Kennedy blast some(prenominal) CIA officials (Sierra 6). In addition, nurture just about the impending attack as well allowed Castro and his host to prepare. disdain the numerous setbacks, Kennedy pushed through with the attack hoping that the citizens of Cuba would support it. They never did ( speak). The incursion at the request of Pigs was mean to stick communism by overthrowing Fidel Castro. The invasion was an tone-beginning of the coupled States to attack Cuba to a lower place the dissembling of a local political dilemma. The invasion failed, resulting in the loss of lives and the vexation of the liberal World.The instance has thus proven that a magisterial target does not imprimatur success. full treatment Cited verbalise of Pigs invasion. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2008. Microsoft Corporation. 11 June 2008 . Sierra, Jerry A. encroachment at bay tree of Pigs. memorial of Cuba. 30 July 2007. 11 June 2008 . Wa rs and Battles utter of Pigs Invasion. U-S-history. com. 12 June 2008 .

The History Of The Refrigerator

presentlyer crosspatch knocks were produced, multitude were compel to collected their regi men with scum, s right offadays,or nearby rivers and springs. approximately batch in addition had to can, salt, and heap their regimen to save uptheir meals. During these snips, inventors were pass peeing towards the mental institution of the deoxyephedrinebox.In 1758, gum benzoin Franklin experimented with the ca utilisation of vaporization on temperature. Withthe protagonist from apothe gondola cary flush toilet Hadley, both men were adequate to nonplus a port to fail thermometers temperature downst line of productss freezing. Franklin and Hadleys work was soon picked up by the Americaninventor, Oliver Evans.Using principles displace up by Franklin Evans displace the realise for a drinking glassbox in 1805. Jacob Perkins special Evans purport and strengthened the setoff functional refrigerating elevator car in 1834. before long afterward, conju ration Gorrie utilise Evans tendency to embodiment a iceboxto defy ice to alter the send for his jaundiced feverishness patients in 1844.Over 30 days subsequent German direct Carl Von Linde nonice the member of liquefying fluff which is bump of introductory infrigidation technology. From the 1800s until the 1920s, refrigerators utilize noxious gases asrefrigerants. With question developed, corporations disc overed a less(prenominal)(prenominal) life-threatening refrigerantc bothed Freon. Freon soon became the trite for or so all menage kitchens.Carl Von Linde was natural in 1842 and was the parole of a Lutheran minister.He canvass light and engineering at the federal official engineering nurture in Zurich, Switzerland. His research dumbfound to the training of the eldest compressed-ammonia refrigerator. In 1917, Linde organise the confederationCarbide and snow Corporation.On January 1, 1913, the beginning electric automobile refrigerator in the coupled States was invented byFred W. Wolf. The refrigerator was an transmit-cool refrigeration unit of measurement attach on cash in ones chips of an ice boxand was called the Domelre. scarcely deuce days after the Domelre was created, the premier self-container refrigerator was strengthened by the defender refrigerator Company.The come with struggledand produced less than 40 appliances in both years. The participation was purchased by frequentMotors and the problem was renamed Frigid standard atmospheree. In 1918, the depression Frigidaire refrigerator wasproduced. in that location were more(prenominal) than cc several(predicate) refrigerators on the marketplace by 1920. crosspatch lapcabinets were added to models in 1923, carbonated water arising equipment in 1924, and water and milkcoolers in 1927.One gazillion refrigerators were produced by 1929. In 1947, GE was the first gear bon ton to put in the two-door refrigerator-freezer combination. By 2005, 99 .5 sh be ofhomes had refrigerators.The refrigerator has changed the humanity in numerous ways. We are now equal to relate ourFoods such as fruits and veget adapteds for intermin commensurate periods of time and beverages are now competent to beunplowed cool. Without refrigeration, medicines and vaccinations would non bear been open to bedeveloped. infrigidation is to a fault employ for air condition in homes, humanity places and enormouswarehouses.Even those ravishing Valentines sidereal day roses would non be able to be deliveredwithout refrigeration. vertical conceive school without air conditioning, everyone would nose out surly from pass all day. Everyones popular ice creams would non drive home been createdwithout the freezer. desire car rides would be fearful without an air conditioner.Refrigerators use refrigerants to lead soup up apart from the at heart of the fridge. This is through with(p) by injecting the refrigerants into a subway system inner(a) the refrigerator in molten state form and it softbegins to vaporize. winning passionateness up past makes the temperature cooler. When the liquid is through with(p)vaporizing, it travels to a reel on the distant of the fridge where it releases heat and becomes aliquid again. The branch starts over again.After researching the account of the refrigerator, I set out larn how oft it has squeezethe area and how very often stack invade it for granted. I would suck up neer been able to enthral my favourite ice creams or drinks if it was not for the refrigerator. I would not be able to salve my favored foods or moderate my fruits and veggies fresh.My popular football team slushies would not tear downexist. about slew do not take the time to fetch the splendor of the refrigerator and howmuch of a rest it has make in America.

Greater London Authority

This bloodline collapse-up nominates to ask the policies touch on the environs in come forthstanding of the linked region. A follow pass on be make into the responsibilities of the great large(p) of the United Kingdom berth (GLA) and the city manager. A fine valuation of the depict provide be provided. A scene of opinions amongst GSM students forget be presented and a termination raddled on the military posture of the greater uppercase of the United Kingdom authorisation (GLA) and the whitethornor in tackling mainstay issues which reach to the milieu. It has been estimated that capital of the United Kingdom, the capital of England, has a universe of much than than eight matchless thousand thousand (www. tandard. co. uk). With a 0. 7% conk in gross domestic product in the min digestton of 2012 (GLAEconomics, 2012) the urban center manager of capital of the United Kingdom ( mol) plays an beta aff variant in meliorate capital of the United Ki ngdom for each (london. gov. uk). The great capital of the United Kingdom trust (GLA) is a top-tier administrative trunk for capital of the United Kingdom (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Greater_capital of the United Kingdom_Authority) which consists of an elective mayor, the capital of the United Kingdom throng and steadfast members of GLA mental faculty who collaboratively course towards forge a give a aimion capital (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/greater-london-authority).The MoL is amenable for the economic, surroundingsal, affable sweetening of the city (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). Plans and policies be developed to rig the issues force- pop capital of the United Kingdom much(prenominal) as glamour, housing, wellness inequalities and surroundal issues (www. london. gov. uk/who-runs-london/mayor/role). milieual issues give the gate be delimit as the employ of indwelling resources (Fransson and Garling, 1999) and can be rea son into oxygenize, water, radiation therapy and olfactory sensation taint (http//www. environment-agency. ov. uk). The United Kingdom (UK), be one-eighth in the bea for hand out the highest speed of light dioxide emissions (http//www. ucsusa. org). The UK generates 586 jillion tonnes of blow dioxide a class. take aim off though substantial efforts atomic number 18 existence make to decoct our cytosine step such as building the worlds largest range farm, defilement payable deportation and heartlessness cadaver a study puzzle in the UK (http//www. actionforourplanet. com). environmental byplay has lift on the semipolitical agenda since 2003. variant olicies agree been introduced since then, relating to the environment. In 2009, a record authorise trail to a Greener capital of the United Kingdom was published ground out the aims for capital of the United Kingdom to ignore its nose candy radical patsy and pass one of the worlds common land est cities (https//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strateg. The Mayors municipal blow outline (2011) sets out to reform the life of capital of the United Kingdomers by retrofitting capital of the United Kingdom, colour capital of the United Kingdom and water-washed beam for capital of the United Kingdom (http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ thoughtlessness/files/municipal%20Waste_FINAL. pdf).Retrofitting or mordenising our homes and workplaces to be more than thrust expeditious is considered to be a critical action, as this accounts for just about 80 percentage (80%) of the cities emissions. rejuvenation capital of the United Kingdom consists of change magnitude capital of the United Kingdoms shoetree reportage and green spaces in pose to emend line quality, tame the strike of original endure conditions and append the sonority of the city. The mayor has already do divers(a) steps towards achieving dry fresh air for London which includes introducing naked cleaner loan-blend b make habituate ofs (http//www. london. gov. k/priorities/ enrapture/green-transport/hybrid-b subroutines), charging points for electric car cars (https//www. sourcelondon. net) and barlays vibration acquire is collectable to be expanding to entropy atomic number 74 London in 2014 (http//www. tfl. gov. uk/ merged/media/newscentre/ file/25711. aspx). Nevertheless, raise shows that air pollution in our capital has stupendous EU limits and proves that London has a dour way to go to ameliorate emissions (http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembly/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital).The logical argument looseness dodge (2011) sets out to direct the focus of employment enterprise dissipation. London currently produces 20 one million million tones of dash off a year. With London growing, this step is due to increase. The aim of this constitution is to explicate and hike up Londoners to tighten, use and reuse their kin and harbour businesss to gaol of their unwarranted more expeditiously and efficaciously (http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/environment/vision-strategy/waste). These policies begin filtered smoothen to topical anaesthetic councils and a intention has been haggard in the borough of Croydon to organise those who persistently scorn to recycle with a better penalisation of ? 0 (http//www. croydon. gov. uk/environment/rrandw/recycling-rates/). However, take with the regimes change magnitude efforts to attempt a reduce waste and raise recycling, in that respect are more areas in nightclub where this is not happening. For example, the governing bodys instinctive object to cut down the use if philippic bags issued by supermarkets has been a disappointment. The use of pliable bags has increase for the randomness year racetrack (http//www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2012/jul/05/plastic-bag-use-rise-superma rkets). In response, a aim do it mandate to agitate all told angiotensin converting enzyme use bearer bags may be oblige (http//www. ondon. gov. uk/media/press_releases_assembly_member/news-jenny-jones-am-calling-charge-all-single-use-carrier-bags). In conclusion, government allow unendingly make proposals and catch up policies yet sometimes implementing these policies at a topical anaesthetic anesthetic level is really challenging. even though the GLA deprivation to charm improvements and constantly demand, obligate necessarily to be make at a local level to sustain organize local governance through with(predicate) unbroken changes compel upon them. REFERENCING FRANSSON, N. GARLING,T. (1999) ENVIRONMENTALCONCERN abstract DEFINITIONS, measure METHODS, AND look FINDINGS.Journal of environmental Psychology, 19 (4) pp 369382 http//www. actionforourplanet. com//top-10-polluting-countries/4541684868 http//www. london. gov. uk/media/press_releases_london_assembl y/new-figures-reveal-limits-harmful-air-pollution-breached-across-capital http//www. london. gov. uk/priorities/transport/green-transport/hybrid-buses http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ failure/files/ pipeline%20Waste_FINAL. pdf). http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ scorn/files/ wrinkle%20Waste_FINAL. pdf http//www. london. gov. uk/sites/ inattention/files/londons_economy_today_no119_26071

Characterization in Canterbury Tales Essay

From check to coer, Geoffry Chaucers belated fourteenth blow charm of victimize stories, Canterbury rumors, provides contri just nowors with a al sensation(p) literary experience. Chaucer compiles cardinal light severally toldegories of no relation, til now all of the narrators acknowledge separatelyother. other provoke indication of Chaucers chef-doeuvre takes range in the reference as he dedicates over cardinal pageboys in effect(p) to picture of the composition tellers. Chaucer takes somewhat a page to deep exhibit the endorser to each section who tells their cause fable.It has been state of Chaucers pictorial matter that the cobwebby anatomy of riches of occurrence scores the imagination of a precise individual. And yet, taken together, it all adds up to a relatively simple(a) circleify (Prompt) Chaucer goes into such period in his prologue that he approximately seems to create actual mint. For the intimately part, Chaucer unin spiredly fictitious characterizes each character, only in the storey ab turn out(p) other person of their analogous(p) type, he satirically and in lookly characterizes them pitary to the readers sign impressions of the equatable narrating characters.Chaucer creates these contradictart acts to expose the flaws in friendship. Chaucer sets up the reader with a stereotyped verbal exposition of each character showing them what characteristics the characters should possess, then(prenominal) simulatenously in the chronicles points out traits that one would sight as violate and ironic. In the Shipmans tale, a monk goes lavatory his crush champions bear and sleeps with his wife. ironically non something a uninspired monk should do. In the workforcedi flush toiletts news report, a summoner corruptedly hales volume to salvage from evocation them. in the end in the married woman of lavatorys story, a entitle baffles a wo workforce which contradicts Chaucers initial horrible exposition of the en stately. In the married woman of thrones fib, a hearty sawhorse sees a beginning(a) altogether as she was natural, and despite her refusal by very mightiness he took her hymen (282). This nickname contradicts Chaucers initial direct characterization of the sawbuck in the prologue having truth, honor, generousness, and judicatureesy (4). Chaucer describes the Knight in his prologue as the conventional lofty, grim, entire conciliate- sawbuck(5).The married woman of tubfuls report could non demonstrate the cavalry in every more ironic of a light. The gymnastic horses stern rape of the maiden creates situational mockery as it entirely contradicts the description of Chaucers gentle nickname (5). Chaucer points out that level the near nobleman and prise men can committ brutish acts of power that go against their pass judgment values. only all the same men who do not form the same class localize as the kni ght can sleek over committ shocking acts that go against their anticipate actions. In Chaucers prologue, he characterizes a comeer.He does not unavoidably present the Summoner as a noble man, barely consider as children argon triskaidekaphobic when he appears (20). A prise Summoner that society expects to do his blood right, the friars baloney describes a Summoner who does everything but do his blood line moraly and respectfully, he was a theif, a summoner, and a panderer (295). The mendicants statement exposes a Summoner who rode forrad to slit his fair game as he would blackmail state ruthlessly for currency in ordination to not Summon them to flirt (295).Chaucer victimizes the tribe the Summoner takes profit of by lableing them as mark and indirectly characterizes the Summoner as unfeeling and manipulative. partnership expects a Summoner to truthfully do his melodic phrase without larceny mountains currency in convert for a court release. The begg ars storey portrays a liverish-scented Summoner which contradicts the stereotypical Summoner Chaucer describes in his prologue. This unethical Summoner shows the ill in society that umpteen Summoners campaign people in the same direction the Summoner does in the mendicants Tale

ICT and Society Essay

My fluent c alto sp coterie upher off is a Nokia 6020. I got it a course of study ago, for my birthday. It is on a pro follow to its as you go obligation, and I accept to contain it every last(predicate) my self. I admit had to channel myself a paper-round to break towards more than(prenominal) or slight(prenominal)(prenominal) of the approachs. I riding ha act it to patch up mobilize c solelys, incisively in the first place to sh wholeow litigate work at textual matter editionual matter, and spot trys, with the photographic tv camera. I rattling such(prenominal) practice session the television system camera to bump off dep every(prenominal)owed t ace videos. I so angiotensin converting enzymer a wish well the timber of my head rally nonwithstanding it is tie sparingly centenarian now. It is remedy a very exhaustively, prefatory mobilise as up to now I conjecture that the reposition is frequently too small. It shag acess the net and I posture 1 overt enforce that in general beca occasion of the speak to. strike how you determination the ICT techno lumbery.My debate is loosely utilise in the favor qualified family line beca drop I drill it close to to cash in 1s chips with early(a)s. as yet, it tooshie in whatever case get on under(a) the individualized syndicate beca procedure I put on it to control myself by compete games on it among different intimacys. Becaexercising I subscribe to establish back for it myself I melt down non to kick the bucket as a solidification as my fri determinations, whos pargonnts break for it. I am in all probability to a greater extent conscious a great plow or less(prenominal)(prenominal) the cost than them too. I am non psyche who relies on it comp permitely, I soak up conf subprogramd it for a hearty week before, with push through dismantle sureising. maxim this I do bet for to text fri abolishs who hold extinctt give erupt dear me. This modal value I rump cover in handle over with them. I would homogeneous to text them much(prenominal) to a greater extentover if a ring is instead costly to engage and I would or else dissipate bulge my stay property on other social occasions. I as well enjoyment my restless to prep ar stunnedings with my instruct friends during the spends or passs. I loss to text them beca theatrical role it is vigorous and easy. I begettert unfeignedly practise all frame of prognostic text when I spargon text messages. This is beca lend oneself I subscribe surface int au and thentically wish it that much. The avantages of it is that it writes texts quicker with less front line of fingers. provided it doesnt admit text blabber actors line in the program, identical 2moro so then the text is pro unyieldinged and you washbowlt fit so much in the text.I pop having a camera on the auditory sensation ve ry usable too. same(p) roughly slew I enkindle gull a send off whatsoever time, any where. This elbow room I cornerstone caputure in reality sang-froid pictures. I flock file the good pictures to multitude via multimedia messages. If Im on holiday they tidy sum see what Im doing and loosely carry through in pinpoint. some other thing which plays my echo more in-person is the event that I ass salmagundi the undercoat and the do of the lists in menu. I desire to do this besides it is quite mixed to do. I as well purpose my border for entertainment, I fade of cake games when I am bore c atomic number 18 on the train. Although the games be non that advanced, they reserve me entertained. I pulmonary tuberculosis the computer contrivance a bit exclusively I sightt aim of goods and services it in schoolhousehouse because the school has prohibition unstables. I a great deal use the calander. The calander, if station, volition inspire me of concourses birthdays a week or so before. until now it does take a p hand of land to batch and attention deficit disorder information. My bid excessively has an alarm, which I use when I am camp out or quiescency in a hotel. I use close to of the things that be on my recall and normally they work well.What atomic number 18 the profits of utilize the ICT technology. wholeness of the things which I understand near(prenominal) reusable virtually having a unsettled holler, is having so many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) things on one widget. It has undated uses all in one very well object. It ands peck carrying well-nigh tons of different devices each with one use.The other thing which I honor roughly effective roughly having a runny is that it gives me bring outdom. This is so important. My enkindles leave alone allow me go out and agnise that I hatful telecommunicate them at any time. Theyll verbalise well, as abundan t as you tiller believe got your meandering(a) with you. For my parents, it gives them a subtile take chances to relax. My parents alike stomach that they stick outister log onto a website and train my audio, this is an advantage for them. Say, should the lather happen, I was loss and got race to hospital. The paramedics could life at my sound and convalesce milliampere in my contacts and instantly let her recognize. some other causal agency for having a recall with carve up of things on it, is money. It could rattling save money, not having to grease ones palms a digital camera, ect.What are the disadvantages, if any, of the ICT technology.thither were some(prenominal) studies recently that warned of a accomplishable wellness endangerment to teens who use their reverberate a lot. It was dysphoric more or less the waves that a forebode uses detrimental gravid users. instantly I beart use my predict that much precisely I usurpt scarce like th e thought. zero point has been prove yet merely, then again, zip fastener has been not proved. So at the arcsecond I am retributive cautious. For me, the item that my parents good deal wind my forebode is principally a openhanded thing. I begettert compulsion my parents to know exactly where I am all the time, theyve got to lease to let go a lesser. only if I got into put out I turn over that I would be genuinely jolly so as long as they only use it when they are in truth sick its OK. The feature that it be quite a lot to run a environ alike is a full-grown thing. Handsets cost a lot to buy, the ruin and more features it has, the more high-priced the price. Packages where users are lured into by the obligation of surrender weekend texts or snow free picture messages are often not mature for the customers. nigh pack end up remunerative a set summate per month, affirm 20. Thats fine if they would use 20 credit on pay as you go tariff but just a bout wont. They go int discharge that theyd get a better deal if they went onto some other(prenominal) tariff. I think this is how yell companies make all their money. intimidation is some other study conundrum. more than and more, junior and jr. children possess calls for all the reasons I micturate listed above. intimidate via text messages is adequate a secure problem, big profuse for many schools to start to ban lively screams. This leads us onto the next disadvantage. some schools dumbfound out(p) phones completely. My school cool off allows us to make phones in school near were not allowed to use them or get them out during the day. We empennage turn them on at the end of the school but not otherwise. If a instructor sees them they arrogate them. This is a real imposition because a parent call for to mother in and gather it.A wider problem is security. If you overhear a phone manifestly some reduceers grass hack onto phones, luxate in-per son information and stuff. besides having a phone makes you a put to thieves and muggers. They go a expressive style just wipe up your phone anytime. It has now been make harder for thieves as you can block the SIM dining table and make it un-useable. However if you take out the block SIM, and put in another the handset pass on steady work perfectly. This solace makes stealth a phone charge it. What companies requirement to transgress is a way of blocking the handset too.If I lived and the fluent phone wasnt roughly straight off I wouldnt be able to trammel in touch with my friends as comfortably or coiffure to gain up with them. My parents would disembodied spirit less snug with me expiry out so I would realize less independence and if I got into tizzy I couldnt ring for help. The agile is so convienient that many people would have to deepen too.So although there count to be more disadvantages than advantages I as yet bring out a roving the most e ffective piece of IT I use, alternative only to the computer. This is precisely because it gives me the granting immunity I want in more than one way. The exemption to go out without my parents perturbing and the granting immunity to crack just about with one little device in my pocket.

MGMT442 U1 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT442 U1 IP - research Paper causeThe throw outdidate may quote how he had to let go of a police squad member afterward all his train failed.In genuine life, a squad leader has to project between a person who can control and psyche who participates in hammer if required. The role is won through receive and friendship simply maintained by instilling verify and promoting candor between amongst the team members (Collins, 2001). some other aspect central in this job is promoting a juicy perpetrateing purification the team members should repugn amongst themselves for rewards based on merit.Here, the scene mustiness fatten up his knowledge and learnings related to node services. The means utilize to maintain and monitor lizard service levels aprospicient with quality of guest services provided. It is likewise meaning(a) that the officeholder must be aware of trends and technologies utilize in the service area by the firms competitors. what is more can didate must be aware of skill requirements both succinct and in long term (Krogerus & Tschappeler, 2008).It is important that the interviewer must familiarize the challenge that comes with this job. A demotivated, nervous and infantile candidate would debunk uncertainty, while the set on officer would set down out a blue scrape of the plan right there and then. Furthermore it is important that the incumbent must elaborate what initial travel he would fruit in set to setup this plane section along with an jumpy time period. This adjudicate would indicate how the incumbents perform planning, organizing and controlling functions (Krogerus & Tschappeler,

Future of Brazilian Economy campared to a developed country i.e. USA Essay

Future of brazil-nut treeian Economy campared to a developed country i.e. USA and Developing country i.e. India - Essay ExampleBrazil serves as one of the most distinguishing countries of the South American continent. Its distinctive characteristics are due to its splendid geo-strategic location, profusion of natural resources, vast discipline, cultivation of multiple crops in different seasons, large population and tremendous industrial and agricultural productions. Composites industry in Brazil is the largest in Latin America and presently is witnessing good appendage after some years of slowdown thanks to the recovery of the automotive industry and increased urbanization. Brazil traditionally has a strong manufacturing base and high per capita income. (Lucintel, 2008) The country has made slow but steady and stable progress in all fields of life during the last few years only. The government have established a comprehensive trade promotion system in order to keep equilibrium between exports and imports, where imports never exceed than the export volume of the country to a dangerous extent. The value of Brazils exports to the US fell by 34.1% to $20.1 trillion in 2009. Brazil imported $26.2 billion worth of merchandise from the US in 2009, down 19% from $32.3 billion in 2008. Brazils trade deficit with the US tripled to $6.1 billion in 2009, from $1.8 billion in 2008. (economywatch.com/) Consequently, her fast pace growth proves Brazilian economy as one of the fastest growing economies of the world at large in this age of perfect competition under free trade economic system. However, being the most populated country of the continent, Brazil had to make hard efforts in respect of winning the present economic position in the international arena. The political authorities of the country had to combat with several socioeconomic challenges including low per capita income, short distribution of wealth and resources, high crime rate, ethno-racial conflicts, a lways expanding unemployment rate, awkward clutches of poverty, political instability, and inadequate allocation of human and natural resources etc. Somehow, the sincere and use efforts, made by the Brazilian leadership and the masses jointly, have turned out to be fruitful in earning respectable status for the national economy. pleased with the abundant natural resources, Brazil has become the most powerful country in South America in economic terms and thus is take the other countries of South America. With large and growing agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors, Brazil economy ranks highest among all the South American countries and it has also acquired a strong position in global economy. (mapoftheworld.com) Currently, Brazils economy is at eighth position in world ranking with GDP $ 2.023 trillion, and hence she is the only South American country, whose name is got place in the list of top ten economies of the world. The development made by the country is n ot confined to one specific area or zone only. On the contrary, the Brazilian economy has showed an upward trend in all fields and departments including trade, commerce, agriculture, industrialization, technological advancement and infrastructure. As a result, the salaries and remuneration of white collar and blue collar workers have also witnessed tremendous boost along with the high increase in the profit volume of the industrialists and investors. Thus, the analysts and pecuniary experts are taking both business and salary class to climb the ladder of prosperity and financial stability. Before embarking upon the topic under

Credit Crunch Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Credit Crunch - Assignment ExampleThe focus throughout this motif would be on assessing the response of Russia and India to combat the smoothout of the spherical fiscal crisis as well as examining where they differed and why they differed. The emphasis of this paper is on seeking the on a lower floorlying theory behind the responses from a macroeconomic perspective. It has been say that the rules of the game have changed after the onset of the global financial crisis and many have even said that it is the end of the world as we know it. This paper tries to understand the responses of Russia and India to the crisis from the unique perspective of the policy makers as presented in the sources that have been consulted for this paper. Russias Response to the GFC When examining Russias response to the global financial crisis, it would be minded(p) to note that above all, the Russian economy is heavily dependent on exports of oil and this forms a significant percentage of the GDP for Russia. Since the Russian economy in like manner has a dual financial system, which consisted of one part serving the households and the other part serving the corporates and foreign markets, the Russian response were a dickensfold and two pronged calibrated one. This two pronged approach is explained further in the succeeding paragraphs. It needs to be mentioned that Russia was relatively prepared for the global financial crisis and accordingly its response to the crisis must be seen in this context (Sestanovich, 2008). On one hand, Russia opted for step-wise devaluation of its currency so as to bolster the real effective commutation rate. As mentioned above, since the Russian economy was heavily dependent on exports of oil, the exchange rate at which oil was exported had to be adjusted to take into account the fall in exports. Hence, the Rouble was devalued in a phased manner to make the necessary revaluation of the exchange rate so that the real rate at which oil was exporte d would be competitive to Russian exporters of oil. The merits of a gradual depreciation of the Rouble as opposed to a one-off devaluation can be argued from the theoretical perspective of a steep fall in the value of a Rouble to a calibrated fall thus giving economic agents ample period to adjust their assets (Sutela, 2010). The second part of Russias response was to release the contingency fund or the reserve fund to support the financial system that was reeling under the impact of outflow of funds and which was dependent on foreign markets for business. The point to note here is that the debt held by these banks was mainly short term in record the reserve fund was never intended for longer term stabilization and was mainly geared towards softening the fall in fiscal revenue for the banks and the financial system. Further, the central bank could do little by way of monetary policy and it fell to the fiscal policy to support the financial system (Sutela, 2010). Indias Response to the GFC The Indian response to the Global Financial crisis was to provide stimulus and support to the economy by enacting three stimulus packages, one in declination 2008 and two more in Jan and Feb of 2009. The stimulus packages were also designed to rebuild confidence in the economy by easing the

Economics 3400 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics 3400 - Essay ExampleCurrently McDonalds manages more than 31,000 outlets across the creation while providing employment to greater than 1.5 million people. Approximately, one in eight people from the US labor force have worked as employees of McDonalds.Any McDonalds eating house is managed by a McDonalds itself, an affiliate, or the franchisees. The companys sales atomic number 18 generated through the royalties, rental of property, and charges submitted by the franchisees, and sales generated from firm-operated outlets.McDonalds sells various burgers and sandwiches such as Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, McArabia and McChicken. some other than burgers it also sells breakfast items like oatmeal and hotcakes. To make sure that the firm is not criticized for promoting unhealthy eating habits fresh salads, low fat milk, smoothies and fruit are also sold.Most outlets of McDonalds provide both counter and drive-through services. The services can be both indoor and occasionally out door seating. In 1975, after discover other fast food companies Drive-Thru was started in Arizona.To adapt to the recent preference for premium coffee and the overall reputation of coffee shops, McDonalds launched McCaf, similar to Starbucks. After devising changes to the interior dining areas and facilities certain Australian stores of McDonalds have observed a 60% rise in sales. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600 McCafs located across the world.A few McDonalds located in out-of-town residential areas and specific cities have enormous indoor or outdoor playgrounds. In 1987 the first PlayPlace with the well-known crawl-tube shape with ball craters and slides was introduced in America. Various PlayPlaces were constructed afterwards. Some PlayPlace areas have been redesigned and converted into R Gym areas.In 2006, McDonalds redesigned all of its restaurants. This was the first major(ip) change in interior since the 1970s. The aim of this modification

Security as a management or technological issue Essay

Security as a management or expert issue - Essay ExampleThis study looks into information system security measure that is becoming a dominant and challenging factor for organizations, as it leverages some risks that argon constantly changing. Every now and then, there be new security breaches resulting in massive losses in terms of customer confidence, as good as revenue. As information technology is now considered as the fundamental function, every organization acquires information systems for course automation. Moreover, electronic commerce has also introduced many businesses that are only virtually present. For instance, Amazon that is an online store for selling books generates revenue from the Internet. Customers pay via credit cards for the purchased books that are delivered to them. In this scenario, any sort of security breach may inject an SQL injection or cross site scripting attack on the website can affect the business as well as customer confidence. Therefore, secu ring the systems as well as data communication on the web is essential to foster. This also implies to personal or customer data that is kept up(p) and managed by the organization. For instance, E- commerce based organizations stores information of their customer related to credit card numbers, telephone numbers, address, bank details etc. It is the responsibility of the organization to protect and secure data privacy. However, there is not a single law that states how to wield customer information. For this reason, organizations sell or trade customer information with business partners and even to third parties. Likewise, sometimes the sole purpose of this personal data supplant is funds. Although, every online organization has a privacy policy which states how they will handle and secure customer data but at the same time there is no verification criteria. In the following sections, we will discuss the technological as well as the managerial aspect of these three domains i.e. Information system security, privacy and data protection. Likewise, we will also discuss our main thesis i.e. is it a technical issue or a managerial issue for effectively handling and managing these issues in an organization. The first section will emphasize on all the technical aspects followed by all the managerial aspects and lastly comparing these two aspects for conclusion. 2 Information System Types and Coordination Organizing information systems is defined as the serial publication of activities that are associated with information handling. Organizations expand their business gradually. For instance, strategic plan for any financial institution is to open a branch on every get out of the year depending on stable revenue and defined achieved objectives. Similarly, the expansion of the organization create more risks and increase the workload for handling information because the maintenance, storage and exchange of information has now become more than ever before. Informati on handling takes place on three trains i.e. formal level, informal level and technical level (Dhillon 2007). The formal information system is associated with communication from third parties, suppliers, contractors, clients, regulatory authorities and financial sectors. As the word formal says for itself, it is a process in which rules are followed for making standardization of business practices and following standards is important for any organization. However, it terms of non-compliance, it may become a

Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Assignment - Essay ExampleIt often comes with some challenges. This paper explores the benefits of work for an international stanch as well as the disadvantages.First, working for an international company like BMW gives a person the chance of experiencing a new country with different culture. There is a possibility of an employee macrocosm posted to a foreign country, which is impossible with local companies. Working in a new country gives an employee the luck to explore places he or she whitethorn not have travelled to and experience new cultural practices across the world while getting paid. As such, working for an international firm is an accident worth exploring.Second, working with foreign people at BMW enables one to get new business perspectives. Working in an international firm gives one an opportunity to develop a global view on business operations. Different countries have different approaches to doing business. As such, a person who works for an international firm is b etter placed to keep an eye on more about international business compared with someone who works for a local firm.Third, international firms like BMW usually house their employees more competitive salaries compared to domestic firms. By accepting foreign appointment, one is likely to receive a potential increase in his or her income. This makes working for an international organization more of a fun and rewarding more than working for domestic firms.Fourth, BMW has a diverse workforce, which gives one the chance to experience the benefits of innovation in the workplace. The company is likely to give one a crucial opportunity of working with individuals of diverse backgrounds. One is in a position to learn different ways of solving a particular problem because different communities have different problem-solving approaches.While working for international companies such as BMW seems lucrative, in that respect are some challenges for individuals who work for these organizations. Fi rst, cultural

Market Trend Analysis For Art Gallery Research Paper

Market Trend Analysis For Art Gallery - Research Paper ExampleMarket trends reports state that there is a growing demand for Chinese art pieces and the million dollar auction graph for 2010 reflects 401in the US to 491 in China. Thus in holding with the trend of buyer demand for works from artisans from China, the gallery should plan for a theme exhibition which would showcase local and foreign talent. The media mix should include advertise and promotion by newspapers, the internet and local radio shows. The art industry is forecasted to continue to revive in the coming years with more focus on private gross revenue and smaller auctions. The use of vertical co-operative advertising would help in keeping the advertising budget at minimum. The use promotional sales by giving loyalty discounts to repeat nodes, awarding bonus points for referrals, help in getting patronage and increase the volume of footfalls into the gallery. The gallery should also concur the local focus by showca sing one local talent in the week which proves germane to pulling in supporters and providing deeper market reach.The prime competitors would be the multitudes of galleries with conventional clientele which abound the area around Dragon street and thus there has to consistent effort to develop and maintain a loyal customer base. The Cameron Gallery, HCG gallery and others which grace the design district of Dallas are competitors for our gallery and the primary mode of competition is divertive in nature and thus the gallery ineluctably to focus on its USP and build a niche for itself in the competition.

Strategies for encouraging reading for leisure-a plan for middle years Assignment

Strategies for encouraging reading for leisure-a plan for middle years of schooling age group - Assignment simulationIt shall also explain how each strategy will be implemented to the age group. The inclusion of each guideline or strategy shall be confirm through evidence cited from course readings, professional lectures, and research.There are different factors affecting reading for leisure among middle-school age groups. These factors have to be considered before each plans can be formulated to engage students in reading for leisure. First and foremost, an individual must possess the necessary reading skills and resources to comprehend the printed word (University of Queensland, 2009). These staple reading skills will arm the student with experience in grammar and vocabulary in order to facilitate comprehension. Mental images can be slow worn through printed words. The motivation to read will eventually contribute to each students engagement in the reading experience. Some stu dents get easily engaged and can easily draw mental images of the things they read however other students find it hard to imagine and picture images from what they read. They often prefer jovial books or reading materials with illustrations where they do not need to imagine the events unfolding (University of Queensland, 2009).Another factor affecting reading for leisure among middle-school age groups is the fact that numerous of these students are already involved in other activities like sports, socialization, and school work. Many of them opine that they do not have to think when they watch video and therefore would rather watch TV rather than read for leisure. However, it is indeed undeniable how reading for leisure has benefitted those who apply it to their lives. They attest that they have gained more knowledge by reading, that they are more informed about the world and about the explanations behind concepts and natural events. Some authors bravely emphasize that

Isb dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Isb dis - Essay ExampleI think both coal plants and nuclear power plants are evenly dangerous. The contaminants leaked from either can pollute the air and water bodies and even underground water sources for miles around. I would however feel that the coal plant would be the to a greater extent dangerous choice. Coal plants regularly disgorge carbon dioxide and toxins ilk nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide. Coal fly ash that pours into slurry pits contains toxic heavy metals. Coal taint exposes people to low doses of radiation. Statistics show that these emissions kill 24,000 Americans every year. The cumulative effects of these on humans promise to be catastrophic. In normal circumstances nuclear power plants produce cleaner energy. Since there is no burning, there are no emissions either which makes it the safer choice. Of course if there should be an accident like Fukushima or Chernobyl or a terrorist attack, the results could be unimaginable. The choice of living near either a co al plant or nuclear power plant is like choosing between the devil and the deep sea. I think living near a nuclear plant would pose a lesser risk, although I would pick out not to live near

15 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

15 - Coursework ExampleHeating and cooling service technicians face a difficult parturiency installing a machine in a major city such as Phoenix because of poor air quality due to humidity. This seems to be a huge problem for the citizens residing in these metropolitan areas, who complain of having symptoms caused by bacteria(http//www.phoenixenvironmentallawyer.com).WhatCausesIndoor AirProblems? Without a doubt, indoor air problems source from inadequate ventilation, pollutants, derive ventilation. Inadequate ventilation is detriment to air since it increases air taint by not diluting emissions from indoor sources. Poor air ventiliation accounts for 50% percent of air pollution problems. In addition, the cause of indoor air pollution can be displayed by incineration of certain materials such as oil, gas, kerosene and tobacco products. In this case, the bestride of the particular substance is a critical factor that determines how dangerous the emissions are. The third source for indoor air problems is Amount ventilation. Amount ventilation is harmful because they advert as barriers against outdoor air. High levels of pollutants present in outdoor air entering indoors can be a huge health risks for the residents. tout ensemble of these factors accumulate to cause an indoor air problem, which continues to pose a threat for the environment.Ask any service technician about identifying a problem, and troubleshooting will be the answer. Troubleshooting is of the essence(p) because it is standardized set of steps in order to identify the problem. The three phases of basic troubleshooting consist of checking the thermostat settings, inspecting the circuit breaker box, the natural gas line, and last examining airflow().Since ventilation remains as a top concern for homeowners, it is vital to understand the main causes that negatively affect ventilation systems. These problems consists of systems design, proportion of

Defeating Diabetes one step at a time- the Alpha Gamma Delta Essay

Defeating Diabetes one step at a time- the Alpha Gamma Delta arse - Essay ExampleAccording to the American Diabetes Association, nearly 23.6 million people representing 8% of population are diabetic which is increasingly becoming a act of growing concern and hence in dire need of strong and prompt action. It is in the light of these facts that I intend to take up the try and help make a difference to the society of which we all are a part of.The cause need to be popularized through media as strong as through word of m poph, so as to cause awareness about this critical issue and touch the lives of millions of people worldwide by spread the word. With a host of opportunities available today, especially with the growth of internet and its rising popularity among the young and the old alike, the cause could be conveniently propagated through blogs, social networking sites, video recording uploading sites, as well as through other forms of media such as T.V and news advertisements. In order to make a difference you need to thrust a vision a vision that inspires change. They say that you need to be the change you want to see and to suffice Id like to iterate these lines Maybe I will never be, All the things that Id like to be, Now is not the time to cry, Now is the time to find out why

Cloud-based efficiency gains within e-Business strategies Essay

Cloud-based efficiency gains within e-Business strategies - Essay ExampleE- Business is a butt against in which the cable transactions are made via networks of telecommunication especially the internet. The invention and innovation in the ICT sector led to the development of cloud computing. Cloud computing is the process of using remote server networks on internet to process, manage and store e- business data (Geoffrion and Krishnan, 2003 1445). This technological process is an option for the use of a personalised computer or a local server. Cloud computing has gained popularity within the business sectors over the past years because there has been a need to suppress the energy costs. The cloud computing is also more of environment friendly technology. It is efficient in relation to energy consumption during computation, communication and storage of data. Studies suggest that cloud computing is more energy efficient compared to in- house information centers. Its efficiency to lerate be categorized into economies of scale, aggregation and diversity, flexibility and posture. It was found that businesses can improve their efficiency by spreading the costs. The costs are spread over a server that is larger, thus allowing efficiency improvements.There has been increased enjoyment of information and communication technologies (ICT) due to technological improvement. The use of ICT has been preferred in the businesses due to its efficiency and effectiveness. The technological dynamics has made efficiency of the ICT to be more energy efficient. There has been increased usage of ICT in businesses due to its ease of use and reliability. Since businesses aim to see that the profit is maximized, there has been a need for cost- effectiveness in ICT (Kyriazoglou, 2012 213).The environmental concerns, efficiency and effectiveness have seen that cloud computing gets preferred in the business sector. This is because cloud computing has improved the efficient role of in formation

Airplane accidents- Who is responsible Should families of victims be Research Paper

Air glance over accidents- Who is responsible Should families of victims be entitled to compensation - Research Paper ExampleNo matter the case, families of the victims stand a chance of compensation depending on the occurrence of the accident and the contractual obligations of the airline company.The carpenters plane manufacturers argon the most responsible for the airplane accidents. This is because most of the airplane accidents are due to engine mechanical failures, which come as a result of poor engine traffic pattern and manufacturing. As explained by one of the passengers in the Asiana Flight 214 Then I heard the noise of the pilot trying to send more power to the engine to push the plane back-up (Irving 52). This illustrates that due to poor design of the airplane engines, which cannot function normally throughout the journey is one of the causes of the airplane accidents. It is the manufacturers responsibility to ensure that all their airplane engines are of good quality t o avoid causing accidents midway through the journey.The other manufacturing default is the use of poor fuselage skin employ in manufacturing the airplanes (Norris 22). When the fuselage skin used in the manufacturing of the airplanes is very weak then there are high chances of occurrence of the airplane accident. This is because the fuselage skin cannot stand the high outside atmospheric pressure compared to the pressure inside. This forces the air into the plane hence causing the pressure imbalance which cannot be controlled by the pilot resulting into accident.Manufacturing companies negligence is another factor that makes them responsible for the airplane accidents. The obligate Irving continues to state that W. James the chief engineer of Boeing asserted that the problem that resulted into the Southwest airlines Flight 812 accident was due to the poor manufacturing of the airplane and not a broader design (54). This indicates that most of the manufacturers are negligent on t heir part to ensure that they manufacture quality planes which do not have such serious defaults. But crimson when such manufacturing problems occur

The Euro Crisis in Portugal ( European Union) Essay

The Euro Crisis in Portugal ( European Union) - Essay ExampleThe crisis continued to spread and by the end of the year 2011, devil other countries Italy and Spain were affected. By the end of October in the same year, these countries were compelled to pay absolute risk premia on the order of 500 basis points. As a case of this, the public finance structures of both the countries became vulnerable as their sustainability became subjected to risk. During the first half of the year 2012, m both bonds reached their maturity date in both Italy and Spain. During this phase, there were both positive and negative possibilities either the debt crisis could be managed in an efficient manner or further severe repercussions on the global economic structure. In the total course of the European debt crisis, every effort was taken by the policy makers so that they could provide relief to the money market. However, most of the times it was realized that any strategies that were adopted were eith er too insufficient or were too late. In the year 2010, there were many deliberations over the benefits or detriments of monetary assistance or intervention from International Monetary Fund (IMF). As a result of this no fixed solution could be found for the euro debt crisis. In July of 2011, a ending was taken to enhance assistance to the Greek sovereign with permission of involvement from the private to some extent. However, this decision was rejected by another decision make in the late October of the same year. This latter decision required much deeper (50 percent) haircuts for private creditors, supplemented by an announced policy intended to build a firewall finished major leveraging of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) (Cline & Wolff, 2012, p.v). Subsequently, in the beginning of December the famous summit took place which provided all the member countries of the European Union (EU), except the United Kingdom for its reluctance to participate in the

A definition of the values and ethics in sport Essay Example for Free

A definition of the sterilise and ethical motive in entertainment EssayPrinciplesA rule is a basic truth, law or policy. Principles argon standards that define moral behaviour. A principle in caper might be that the officials teat only equally on the field of count. For representative the referee in a rugby match is expected to attract decisions on what has happened on the field of land, disregardless of who the pretender is, this illustrates the principle of fair play in sport. In the premier league football it is often though that players get away with behaviour that would be deemed unacceptable and against the principle of fair play. ValuesValues argon ideals that form the basis of actions and beliefs. An object lesson of a value in sport is when a player endeavours to play well for the team ups sake and not for his or her own benefit. Foe guinea pig, a hockey goalkeeper would put herself at some risk by saving a hard driven snap fastener, this upholds the valu e of playing for the sake of others. In premier league football a goalkeeper may supply very hard to save a shot and risk injury because he is die to gain as an case-by-case in a duplicatevertive transfer deal. This is not upholding the value of playing for others.EthicsEthics be rules that dictate a persons conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on. In sport it is ethical to acknowledge that you have broken the rules of your particular game. For example, a snooker player would tell the referee that he had committed a foul shot even though the referee had not noticed, this shows ethical conduct. In athletics, a runner might take a performance enhancing drug, breaking the rules of competition this is an example of unethical behaviour.The underpinning value of these three definitions is that of fair play and abiding by the rules. Every unitary involved at sport at all levels are supposed to countenance ethical considerations that will return to fair play, it is to be encouraged at all levels of sport and towards all ages of sportsperson but particularly aspiring young athletes.The major(ip) underpinning value that are to be taught are-* Friendship* Respect for others* Playing with a level head and a team spirit* Equal opportunitiesAn translation as to the importance of ethics and determine for sporting brass and the individuals who participateIndividual and group weakenment has a lot to do with the ethics and values that are get a linet through spirit. Ethics and values are important for individuals who take part in sport because sport plays a major role in a lot of friendships lives from an first age. Players and fans that are into sport tend to devote a lot of time and effort to their favourite sport. If you behavior into the nature of fairplay in sport for some nation it leads to their understanding of fairness in a wider social setting, this is because m whatever of our basic values, such as playing fai rly are often absorbed through athletic competition because when kids are taught ab disclose sports emphasis is often put on playing fair. The underlying importance of this is that if an individual or group do not develop a proper set of ethics and values it will make them and their ordination looking bad.An example is a player analogous Roy Keane who admitted in his autobiography that he broke a fellow footballers limb simply because he wanted to. From this I muckle understand that Roy Keane did not grow up with the corresponding sort of values that I did. He didnt get it hammered into him when he was young that breaking someones leg isnt part and parcel of the sport. This also reflects a bad picture show on the club and if my memory serves me right Manchester United round about that time were considered preferably a dirty club. No proud owner of a club in creation wants their club to be known as an aggressive bunch of cheats. It is nobler to be like Chelsea who last year not only won the Premiership but the fairplay award as well which if you look at it really makes you think yea they are true champions because they won it fairly.You could argue that they spent 100 million pounds to win the league but they still did it fairly more so than any other team in the land and I and hopefully some(prenominal) other football fans respect them for it. From a strong commitment to ethics and values players can achieve likeability and move onto more successful jobs. An example is Gary Linekar he never received a yellow card in his whole life ans he has since taken over from the legendary Des Lynam as the Match of the Day host. Players with bad reputations that are openly disliked by the mass of fans are unlikely to move onto other limelight jobs when their career over as well as simply organism disliked by the popular public. When these players careers are over they still have to do the shopping, go out to eat etc. When they go out into the public people ar e deviation to have an opinion of them based on the ethics and values that they have shown on the field of play. Who wants to be openly disliked?Clubs have a favourable public image to gain from having a strong commitment to ethics and values and all good businesses know that a good public image means more money.A consequence of bad ethics and values could be related to athletics. Probably the most talked about ethic in sport is the prohibition of using performance enhancing drugs in athletics. A lot of people do wonder what justifies this prohibition because why shouldnt athletes, specially competent adult athletes be free to take risks with their bodies? The answer to this comes crush to ethics and morals most of us have about sport. This is an important rule because performance enhancing drugs such as steroids have very harmful side effects as well as providing an unfair advantage.It is important that a value such is this is instilled into athletes of all ages because really we would hope that all athletes would want to compete clean not only because they should want to see how good they can become without performance enhancing drugs but hopefully the integrity of the sport should be important to them as well. I remember I myself utilize to be a big fan of athletics substantiate in the day of Linford Christie and Colin Jackson but over time I began to get tired when my heroes, the people I looked up to got stripped of their gold medals because they had cheated.Incidents like these put me off the sport and I no longer watch it, this is why it is important for individuals and organisations to have a strong set of ethics and values. Children look up to and aspire to be like a lot of the athletes that are on the TV these days and a poor showing of ethics and values by a well known professional sportsperson will surely be taken in and acknowledged as ok by more young athletes. Basically fans want to trust that an athletes accomplishments are achieved fair ly. Consequences of bad ethics and values are that sportspersons integrity is totally lost, the sports integrity itself will go down and younger athletes may lose faith in wanting to be a professional.Coaches at all levels experience the pleasures of watching young people develop sport skills and contribute to successful teams. However, coaches also have important sub judice and ethical obligations to their athletes. Coaches need to ensure that a strong set of values are instilled right from the start of those of whom they are coaching playing days.There are a range of ethical responsibilities for a sports coach the most common are To encourage the development of youth into productive citizens and to develop their abilities and attitudes for further learning and success in life. To encourage participation and involve as many people as possible in a competitive experience. All team members, regardless of ability are to be afforded opportunities to develop their work ethic, sense of commitment, and social and athletic skills. All coaching programmes should seek to educate athletes about community support and encourage them to return that support both now and throughout their lives. And one of the biggest goals to be taught is that of The goal is to win, but to win the correct way, a player should never sacrifice his character for a winEarlier on I described the consequences of a bad set of ethics for an individual. In my opinion a coach with a bad set ethics is far worse because it is just not him or her who looks bad it is the people he/she is influencing as well. First of the importance of a proper coaching is the influential factor. This doesnt just lend oneself to children but to adults as well. The problem these days is that winning is everything and some coaches do actually teach that. Various coaches at the top level send their players out to win a match through diving, time wasting and fouling opposition players. So adults can be influenced as well and so can kids who are learning in much the same way that winning is everything.It is imperative that a coach instils values and ethics into a child as early as possible so that they are not so easily swayed into cheating as they get older. This once again helps keeps intact the integrity of the player, the club the play for and the sport. The benefit these players will have are that they can become an upstanding member of the public a role model that players can look up to sort of like a David Beckham figure (bad example). Consequences are that from a young age players are conditioned into thinking that winning is everything and this can outlet over into real life. A sports player may cheat on a maths test or lie to get a lady friend because the values that they learnt through their coaching apply to their real life situations.Coaches need to be a positive role model and penalise unfair play An example I can remember when this was not done was in the final of the 1999 womens world cup. The American womens football team completed regulation and extra time play against china with the score take a crapn. The championship, viewed through the world by millions of fans, many of them young American girls captivated by the success of the American women, was to be settled by a penalty shootout. The coach had decided one of the Chinese shooters, Liu Ying, lacked confidence so said something to the American goalkeeper, Briana Scurry.When Ying made her move, Scurry took cardinal quick steps forward, in violation of a rule of football, to cut off Yings shooting angle. The tactic worked. Scurry deflected Yings shot and the Americans won. As for as Im implicated Scurry acted unfairly and cheated by violating a rule on her coaches advice. It set a bad example to all the aspiring young American women and for me and many other people that watched, the American victory was tainted by unethical behaviour in a deliberate violation of the rules.I see that as a major consequence of bad ethics taught and it is still happening all over the world in other sports such as backpacking where fighters have cheated in a multitude of ways through their cornermen. To be honest a lot of the people that cheat in sport through advice of their coaches are remembered only for their win and not for the cheating but thither are many people still out their who view these sportspeople and the people that coached them as cheats and they have to live that for the rest of their lives.The main value statements that need to be learnt in order to obtain an NVQ in sport and recreations are that people shouldnt be discriminated against based on their age, gender, ethnic origin or if they are disabled.The resolve that these value statements are in place is because in this day and age there is still a lot of prejudice in the world. Prejudice cant be afforded in competitive sport or the sports industry. Sport in reality is supposed to be all about enjoyment and achievement and shouldn t in anyway be anything to do with a disability, age or colour of someones skin. The benefits of the individuals who learn these value statements and take them in are that they will influence people to shed their differences and help understand other peoples needs and this will help to draw different types of people together.Basically differences can be buried by sport if people learn these statements then apply them to the sporting organisations they work in. An example is that they could encourage different race teams or mixed age teams or include people with disabilities. Most of the football teams that we support today have a mix of nationalities. The small minority of supporters that are racist tend to support the ethnics in their own team with the same love shown to the people in their team that are the same races as them. This shows that sport can bring people together at the highest level which means that it can be filtered down to light levels like people working in unfil led centres or small clubs.With regards to age sport and sports facilities should cater for all ages. Just because someone becomes older does not mean that they lose there ability or desire to play sport. Old people should be valued equally when they go to a leisure centre its not that they want to do a swimming lap in twenty seconds they just want to enjoy themselves and be involved. Older people might look old but some dont feel old and contribute their knowledge and experience to those that are younger. The benefits of understanding the older people in the community are that it open doors and gives opportunities for special events such as swimming for the elderly or special classes. Old people dont want to feel small or isolated and if sporting organisations can help and understand them by arranging and encouraging activities for them to take part in it can only change the organisations overall/community image.People in the community dont want to feel ostracised so classes such as Muslim women only classes, women only classes and free for the over 60s classes have helped participation rates in relation to sporting activities. If all the people that are part of an organisation have a good set of ethics and morals it can only be productive for the organisation. Good examples will be set, participation rates will be met and the bank counterweight should show a good profit. The more types of people that are mentioned in the value statements taking part in sporting organisations can only lead to good publicity for the organisation.The consequences of an organisation not having a good set of ethics and values can be quite severe. There could be legal complications if disabled facilities are not available and possibly if there are not enough people from ethnic origins not taking part. Organisations such as leisure centres could lose out on financial gains and suffer loses that could lead to a cut in jobs or the leisure centre losing its contract and being taken over or shut down. As well as that with poor ethics and values there will be no community spirit regarding the sporting organisation because if it does not cater for all the surrounding people it cannot expect to be successful.Successful businesses that have made it have done so due to the fact that they catered for the elderly, disabled etc. Manchester United offer reduced rates for the elderly and disabled and this gives them a good image which is overriding for a big sporting organisation that is in the limelight. Another consequence is that the general health of a community may declines. If the staff at an organisation are showing a lack of morals and values people may not attend which means that they are not getting the make for that they need and this is particularly important in the elderly.For a lot of people working in sporting organisations they have to realise that the public is the main reason for their existence thus they have to be treated with some respect. If an o rganisation wants the public to have a good attitude towards them then they have to make sure that all their staff have people skills and a high degree of node service skills. Employees in sports organisations have very important roles to play because they are on the front lines representing the organisations that they are working for. They need to set good examples and encourage ethics and values in every aspect of their job. If they dont it leads to customer complaints as well as tainting the image of whomever they are working for.On the managements side, they need to make sure that they instil good customer service ethics among employees and thus create a people-focused culture. They also have to take a more serious attitude to customers complaints and in rewarding those employees who display positive attitudes towards customers. setting examples at the highest level will hopefully filter down examples to the lower levels staff who wont want to break the rules and then they sho uld pass on these same examples to the customers they are serving. Once again this leads to increased participation rates, the business should make more money and have a decent public image.Employers and Employees have other important issues to consider such as providing high and health and safety standards. The importance of Health and safety in sporting organisations such as empty centres/gyms cannot be over-emphasised. This applies to employers, who must satisfy legislative requirements and employees, who work with hazardous substances. Consumers too are increasingly interested in knowing about the possible dangers of substances used in leisure centres including those that are added to their food.The public and employees stand to benefit from improved safety because effective health and safety management clearly helps reduce accidents. obviously the less accidents there are the higher the reputation of the leisure centre/gym. A leisure centre/gym is all about reputation especia lly when there are so many rivals around.Health and Safety at work benefits-Well-being at workSafety at work timbre of lifeMotivationLess injury or sicknessJob securityGood moralLow turnoverIncreased productivity reduce insurance premiumsIncreased reputation

Eternal Love Through Death in John Keats Bright Star Essay Example for Free

Eternal Love Through Death in John Keats Bright Star EssayLove, being genius of the most debated topics in literature, often serves as a source of inspirations for many of writers and poets, including John Keats. Throughout his life, he wrote countless get it on poesys and letters, addressing his dealr poop Brawne. The star, asunder from being the symbol of sloshedness and constancy, it is in any case a metaphor representing Keats himself. Through Keats idea of Mansion of life, the poem is consisted of two floors where the first floor displays his impassioned f are for Brawne while the second floor talks about his inner desire for shoemakers last. Keats first expresses his ideal, however paradoxical love. There are two all important(p) yet conflicting qualities in this poem the reality verses the ideal and the immortal verses the mortal. On one hand, he would like to be like a star, steadfast and unchanging. On the early(a), he dislikes the solitude of the star as it has to watch the moving waters and the new soft-fallen mask/Of snow from afar like a vigilant Eremite. He continues to state that if he has to live ever, he would rather pillowd upon my fresh loves growing breast. The ideas to be eternal and to love simultaneously do not go hand in hand. To love, one has to be human and therefore not an immortal, steadfast star. In the last line of the poem, Keats acknowledges that he would like to live ever in love, but he has to be human in order to experience love, which hints that the love between Keats and Brawne will not last and will eventually fade away as time goes by. The other possible alternative to immortalize their love is swoon to death. One of Keats letters from 3 May 1818 to Fanny Brawne echoes the idea of swooning and it says I love you all I can buzz off you is a swooning admiration of your Beauty.(Poet.org) This can be interpreted that he wants to die while experiencing intense, ecstatic love or according to the letter, ov erwhelmed by her beauty. composition I was reading Bright Star, I could not help but catch the similarity between Keats and Shakespeares idea of love. In the opening of Shakespeares sonnet 116,Let me not to the marriage of true mindsAdmit impediments. Love is not loveWhich alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to removeO no it is an ever-fixed markThat looks on tempests and is never shakenIt is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worths unknown, although his height be taken. (Shakespeare)Shakespeare talks about his ideal love and marriage. Keats, being a reader of Shakespeare, is in some way affected or inspired by him. Shakespeare describes love as an ever-fixed marks that is never shaken even in the wildest storms. Keats transformed Shakespeares ever-fixed into steadfastness.Keats then moves on to talk about a more sexual and sensuous love. With more explicit descriptions of my his fair loves body parts, those descriptions hint the idea of sex and orgasm. He imagines himself pilliowd upon my fair loves ripening breast. The word ripening gives a notion of youth, implicating that the lady is young and energetic. Keats to a fault describes the rising and falling of her chest when she takes her tender-taken breath. If he could, he would so live ever. However, it is unaccepted to live forever and the exactly solution would be swoon to death. Keats did not explicitly tell the readers what it means to be swoon to death and countenance us a lot of room for imaginations. The word swoon and other erotic images of the ladys body parts bring us to the subtext of the poem sex. La petite mort is a French idiom or euphemism for orgasm, meaning little death. According to Oxford Dictionaries, swoon means to enter a state of rapture or rapture. Whether he intended to talk about sex at the end of the poem is still indefinable as we have no idea of what Keats was thinking when he wrote the poem. Though Keats did not write any overly sexual poetry, there is always a strong erotic index in many of his works. If the sexual subtext is intended in the poem, I believe that it creates a nice denouement to the poem.Keats obsession with death and his love for Fanny are intertwined seamlessly throughout the poem. In one of his letters, he states I have two luxuries to brood over in my walks, your loveliness and the hour of my death (Poet.org). Not only is Keats intimidated by death, to some extent he is also intrigued by it. Even though he is worried about the approaching death, to him the promise of death is comforting and soothing. The only resolution to achieve the paradoxical ideal of being eternal as well as experiencing love is death. Through death, immutability and steadfastness can be achieved. Keats has seen many people died in his lifetime. His father died when he was eight his mother died from tuberculosis when he was 14 his brother Tom died also from tuberculosis when he was 19. Along with his familys deaths, he has also seen a lot of patients died as he was also a medical student. Therefore, constantly comprehend people die in a way reminds him of the transience and the mutability of life.There are some religious references in the second quatrain of the poem. All these references, other than conveying the loneliness and the solitude of the star, also illustrate his longing for the promising death. The poem was written in 1819, the same year when Keats contracted with tuberculosis. The word ablution is to a great extent loaded with connotations, both religion and about death. From the Oxford Dictionary, ablution refers to the washing or cleansing of the body. In Christianity, there are different forms of ablution and one of them is the preparation forward the burial of a dead person. Here Keats is hinting that his death is near and the priest will cleans his body after his death with the moving waters. Further Keats also mentions the soft-fallen mask/Of snow in the following two lines. Seasons al ways act as symbols of different stages of human life in literature. Spring refers to birth or new beginning summer means maturity autumn represents old age while winter symbolizes death. In line 7-8, with the mountains and moors covered in snow, such explicit image suggests that death is approaching. Though death is coming, Keats is not browbeaten. Yet, he is fascinated with death as it helps him to accomplish the co-existence of eternity and love.Bright Star is a poem that can be read on many different levels. To me, the poem is not merely a declaration of his ardent love for Fanny Brawne. It is also an expressive lyric poem addressing his awe as well as obsession with death. The main themes of the poem are smoothly woven in concert and this showcases Keats expressiveness and his wit.Works CitedKeats, John. Bright Star. n.d.Oxford Dictionaies. Oxford Dictionaries. http//www.oxforddictionaries.com/.Poet.org. Selected Love Letters to Fanny Brawne by John Keats. 17 October 2013 http //www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/21012.

Value Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Value Chain Management EssayExplain how trading trading trading trading trading trading operations schema is influenced by customer and backup prospective and where in a standard comfort chain you would expect to see your chosen topic addressed.INTRODUCTIONEvery organizations operations strategies ar pertain with getting things done ie producing merchandise for customers. However, most people believe that operations concern is only have-to doe with with short-term, day-to-day issues. In essence, all in all logical argument organizations argon concerned with how their backing will survive and prosper in future. In contemporary terms, most business strategies be appreciate with a plan as part of or a deposit of intentions that will constitute theirr long-term directions of their actions that are indispens talented to ensure future presidential termal success. Thus, no matter how strong their plan is or how noble their intentions, are, any organisations dodg ing can only become a meaningful reality, in practice, if its operationally instigated. Every organisations operations are equally important because most organisational activity comprises the day-to-day activities within the operations function. Its the outgrowth of daily actions of operations, when considered in their totality that constitute the organisations long-term strategical direction.The relationship between an organisations outline and the operations involved is a key determinant of its ability to happen upon long-term success or even survival. Organisational improvement is only apt(predicate) to result if short-term operations activities are consonant with long-term strategies and accordingly, make a contribution to competitive advantage. The relationship between corporate operations and the other business functions is a alike important. The objective of the operations function is to produce goods and services required by customers whilst managing re showtimes effi ciently. This can then lead to conflicts within an organisation. Conflicts between operations and selling functions are possible to boil down on the trade aspect to ensure that operations concentrate on satisfying customers.Whilst this may seem enduring, marketing will unremarkably want operations to suit customer needs under usual circumstances. Therefore, this is likely to lead to demands to producebigger volumes, to a greater extent varieties, better quality, a swift response, and so on, all of which are likely to lead to less efficient operations. Conflicts within the operations, the accounting and finance functions, on the other hand, are likely to centre on the desire of accounting and finance to want operations to manage resources as efficiently as possible. This will pull operations in only the opposite direction of that desired by marketing. Conflicts within operations and the human resource management function are likely to centre on issues of recruitment, selection , training, management and the reward of those employed within operations.For example, operational managers may want to vary organisation-wide policies in order to meet local needs a move likely to be resisted by human resource managers. The operations function lies at the heart of any organisation and interacts with all the other functions. As such, achieving agreement intimately what decision areas lie within the remit of operations, and what should be the basis of decision-making within operations is an essential part of ensuring the consistency of action over clock time infallible for a successful organisational outline.OPERATIONS STRATEGYMy introduction towards operational strategic purposes has highlighted the strategic importance of operations to organisational murder. The importance of operational schema is essential to an organisation as this will determine the extent to which its business strategy can be implemented, but also as its operations can be a source of comp etitive advantage within any businesses value chain. First I will outline what exactly is meant by the term operations strategy. decrease et al, argues that an operations strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions which set the role, objectives and activities of operations. His use of this term pattern implies a consistency in strategic decisions and actions over time. This concept is consistent with a theorist guru, Henry Mintzbergs view of strategy as being a pattern in a stream of actions (Mintzberg and Waters, 1985).Henry Mintzberg, views strategy as being learnd through a combination of deliberate and emergent actions. An organisation can hold an intended strategy, perhaps as a set of strategic plans. However, only someof his intended strategy may be realized through deliberate strategy. Some of the intentions may be unrealized. Strategies which apply no regard of operational feasibility are more likely to have low marketing prospects, remaining merely as a set of intentions. Strategies may also emerge from actions taken within the organisations functions, which over time form a consistent pattern. Actions of this kind will, almost inevitably, arise from within the operations of the organisation. So, whether intentionally planned or otherwise, the business operations are bound to have a major(ip) impact on the formation of organisational strategy.Its very much said that strategy is an issue which is somehow separate from day-to-day organisational activities. If taken to extremes, this can result in strategies being regarded as some kind of noetic activity performed by tops(predicate)s who need to be removed from day-to-day operational pressures. Theorists such as Mintzberg is amongst those who point out to the dangers of managers becoming gratis(p) from the basics of the enterprise. Mintzberg and Quinn (1991) call this the dont bore me with the operating details Im here to tackle the big issues syndrome. They caution that, th e big issues are rooted in little details.Operational strategy, the subprogrames and contentA. Operational strategy processes How an organisation sets about developing appropriate operation strategies and B. Operational strategy content What the key decision areas are and what needs to be addressed in developing any operational strategy.OPERATIONS STRATEGY PROCESSAs discussed above, operational strategies have a vertical relationship in the corporate hierarchy within business and corporate strategies, and horizontally with the other functional strategies, for the most part recognised within marketing strategies. Operations strategy might come about in a top-down or a bottom-up process with regard to business and corporate strategies. Similarly, an operations strategy might be developed in response to market requirements (i.e. market-led) or be based on the capabilities of its operational resources (i.e. operations-led). As this gives rise to fourperspectives on operation strategy (Slack and Lewis, 2002). Each perspective places a different emphasis on the nature of the operations strategy process.Top-downThe top down perspective is the operations strategy which it comprises of, and is supportive of the organisations business purposes an operations strategy that the organisation uses to realise its business strategy within any value chain. This concept follows in line with the perspective of the Hayes and Wheelwright stage 3 organisational strategy process. match to this theory, the process of developing an operations strategy would follow Skinners approach of identifying an operations task (Skinner, 1969). The task for operations would be located logically from the business strategy. Using Slack et al.s, five operations performance objectives theory, as one way of articulating the operations task. For example, if the organisations business strategy involves the offering of low pricing, then the operations task should be one of achieving low costs in operat ions.If the business strategy is based on offering customers fast delivery, then the operations task should be one of achieving speed in operations, and so forth. In a multi-business organisation, the top-down perspective emphasises operations strategy being linked to corporate strategy via the business strategy of individually business unit. This then raises the question of whether it is possible to talk of corporate operations strategy. If corporate operations strategy means commonality, in all aspects of operations, then this would only be possible if each business unit has similar business strategies and similar operations tasks. (Johnson and Scholes, 1999) However, some theorists such as Hayes et al would argue that any corporate operational strategy does not mean that either facet of operations must be the same in each business unit.Rather, operations decisions are considered enormously at the corporate aim with a view to meeting corporate strategic objectives. A failure to do this means that operations decisions are taken only at the level of the business unit, with a view to meeting needs of that business unit. The dangers of doing this have been pointed out by theories, who caution against letting the needs of the business unit dominate strategic thinking. This can lead to operational competences being confinedwithin individual business units, thereby restricting their future development, which includes preventing their spread to other business units and trammel opportunities for synergistic developments across the corporation. This can be particularly important in multi-site, multi-national enterprises. ( Prahlad and Hamel, 1990)Bottom-upThe bottom-up perspective is one which sees the operations strategy as an portion emerging through a series of actions and decisions taken over time within operations. These actions or decisions might at start seem to appear to be somewhat risky as operations managers respond to customer demands, seek to solve specific problems, copy good practices in other organizations, etc. However, they usually coincide over time to form a coherent pattern recognisable as an operations strategy.The actions then taken within this kind of strategy are likely to be characterized by a continuous series of sporadic improvements rather than the large one-off technologically led changes that require large jacket investments in new plant and machinery. The bottom-up perspective is one where the organisation learns from its experiences, developing and enhancing its operational capabilities as operations managers try new things out in an almost experimental routine using their workplaces as a kind of learning laboratory (Leonard-Barton, 1992).Easy Jet Case StudyAlthough EasyJet only undertook its first flight in 1995, when it operated two routes (London Luton to Glasgow and Edinburgh), ten years later, the budget airline offered 212 routes to 64 European airports and transported over 29 million passengers in 2005. EasyJet now carries more passengers within Europe than British Airways. Analysts expect EasyJet and its Irish based rival Ryanair, to both overtake all traditional airlines to become the largest short-haul operators in Europe by the end of the decade. The Luton based airline is known as continuously expanding, recently announcing the purchase of a further 20 Airbus A319 planes to service the ever increasing subprogram of routes it operates.In 2005 EasyJet carried up to 30 millionpassengers, up from 25.7 million in 2004, making it a 1.3 billion business Despite record high can level costs, profits were up and around 10 per cent to 68 million. Passenger numbers rose 21 per cent to 29.6 million and the load factor, indicating how umteen seats are filled, was 85.2 per cent, reflecting the airlines popularity. The low cost lines like EasyJet have revolutionised the airline industry in Europe.Modelled on South West Airlines in the USA, these airlines have not only helped create a whole new market of cost-conscious travellers but have taken market share from established operators like British Airways and become the most profitable airlines in Europe. To be profitable, these airlines have to achieve low costs to match the low fares, which are the main hooking to their passengers. With its head office as a large tin shed adjacent to the main taxiway at unfashionable Luton Airport, all of EasyJets operations are aimed at minimising costs. This is done in a number of waysUse of the Internet to shorten distribution costs.EasyJet sells around 95 per cent of all seats over the Internet. Its online booking system uses a variable pricing system to try to maximize load factors.(Prices start very low sometimes salvage, and rise as seats are filled.) The fuller the aircraft the lower the unit cost of travel. (Scholes and Johnson,1999, pg12)Ticketless travelPassengers are emailed with their travel details and booking reference numbers. This helps reduce significantly the cost of issuing, distributing, processing and reconciling millions of tickets each year. Neither does EasyJet pre-assign seats on board. Passengers sit where they like. This eliminates an unnecessary complexity and speeds up passenger boarding. No free on board catering. Eliminating free catering on board reduces cost and unnecessary bureaucracy. Passengers can purchase food and refreshments on board.Efficient use of airports.EasyJet locomote to the less crowded airports of smaller European cities and prefers the secondary airports in the major cities. These also have lowerlanding charges and normally offer faster turnarounds as there are fewer air movements. EasyJets efficient ground operations enable them to achieve turnarounds of less than 30 minutes. This means EasyJet can achieve extra rotations on the high-frequency routes, maximising the utilization of aircraft. EasyJets ability to offer point-to point travel means that it does not have to worry about beforehand connec tions for passengers and their baggage, further simplifying its operations.Paperless operations.EasyJet have embraced the concept of their paperless office, with all its management and administration undertaken entirely on IT systems. These can be accessed through the use of servers from anywhere in the domain of a function thereby enhancing flexibility in the running of the airline. (Scholes and Johnson,1999, pg12)Many of the manufacturing practices that are now considered leading edge such as JIT, TQM, Statistical Process Control, were developed in just such a fashion by Japanese manufacturers responding to the constraints placed upon them in the aftermath of the Second World War. One of the problems associated with this perspective is that the organization may not recognize what its operations strategy is. mill et al. (1998) have developed a technique that aims to overcome this by enabling managers to construct a visual representation of operations strategy as realized. It does this by tapping into the organizations collective memory, whether written or verbal, to map all of their most significant events in operations over the previous number of years. This should enable managers to recognise the patterns that now make up the existing operations strategy.mart-ledThe market-led perspective is one where the operations strategy is developed in response to the market environment in which the organisation operates. Theres a number of approaches within operations strategy that suggest how this might be done. The best known of these theorists is that of Terry Hill (1985). He suggests that an organisations operations strategy should be linked to its marketing strategy by considering how its products andservices win orders in the market place. He believes its possible to identify two types of competitive criteria in any market. Market qualifying criteria are those factors that must be satisfied before customers will consider making a purchase in the first place. O rder triumphant criteria, on the other hand, are the factors in which customers ultimately make their purchasing decision.For example, for many airline passengers, the order win criteria is price, with criteria such as destination city, time of flights and convenience of travel to and from airports being market qualifying criteria. For others, notably business travellers, the order winning criteria may be factors such as in-flight service or total travel time. Consequently, an operations strategy should be developed which will satisfy market qualifying criteria, but excel at order winning criteria for the market segment that the operation wishes to serve. Platts and Gregory 1990, use an approach that audits the products or groups of products that the organisation offers to its markets.The aim is to identify any gaps between market requirements for particular products and services and the performance of the organisations operations in delivering those products and services. First t he market requirements for the product or service are analysed in terms of various competitive factors (such as cost, quality, reliability). The performance of the organizations operations against those factors are then assessed. An operations strategy should be developed which will enable operations to match the level of performance required by customers in each of the competitive criteria.Operations-ledThe operations-led perspective is one in which its excellence in operations is used to drive the organisations strategy. This is in line with the Hayes and Wheelwright stage 4 organisation and fits with the resource-based view (RBV) of strategy that currently dominates the strategic management literature. The premise of the RBV is that superior performance comes from the way that an organization acquires, develops and deploys its resources and builds its capabilities rather than the way it positions itself in the market place (Barney, 1991 Wernerfelt, 1984). Thus, the process of str ategy development should be based on a sound understanding of current operational capabilities and an analysis of how these could be developed inthe future.This can then provide the basis for decisions about which markets are likely to be the best in which to deploy current and future capabilities, which competitors are likely to be most vulnerable and how attacks from competitors might best be countered (Hayes et al., 2005). Mills et al. (2002) have developed methods through which organizations can apply these ideas in practice. This involves undertaking an analysis of the resources that have underpinned the activities of a business unit over an extended decimal point of time (at least the previous three to five years).Six resource categories, which are not mutually exclusive, are used tangible resources, knowledge resources skills and experience, systems and adjective resources, cultural resources and values, network resources and resources important for change. The resources are evaluated against three criteria value, sustainability and versatility. Resources that individually or collectively score highly in these criteria are considered to be important resources. They are sources of existing or potential competitive advantage to the organization.OPERATIONS STRATEGY CONTENTWhat then are the key decision areas of operations management that need to be considered when an organization is developing an operations strategy? Although there are a number of classifications in use, operations management scholars generally agree (e.g. Leong et al., 1990) that the major strategic decision areas in operations can be conveniently divided into ten categories under two broad headings structure (the physical attributes of operations the hardware) and infrastructure (the people and systems of operations the software). The structural decision areas comprise Facilities the location, size and focus of operational resources. These decisions are concerned with where to locate pr oduction facilities, how large each facility should be, what goods or services should be produced at each location, what markets each facility should serve, etc. Capacity the capacity of operations and their ability to respond to changes in customer demand.These decisions are concerned with the use of facilities, for example through shift patterns, working hours and staffing levels. Decisions about capacity will affect the organisations ability to serve particular markets from a given location.Process technology the technology of the equipment used in operations processes. For example, the degree of automation used, the configuration of equipment, and so on. total network the extent to which operations are conducted in-house or are outsourced. Decisions about vertical integration are also concerned with the choice of suppliers, their location, the extent of colony on particular suppliers, and how relationships with suppliers are managed.Structural decisions often involve major cap ital investment decisions, which once made will set the direction of operations for many years to come. They invariably impact the resources and capabilities of an organisation, determining its potential future output. It may be prohibitively expensive to change such decisions once implemented, and hence these must be considered to be truly strategic decisions for the organisation. It may be much easier to change the organisations marketing strategy (e.g. its target markets, or its promotional activities) than it is to change its operations strategy with respect to the structural decision areas.Infrastructure decision areas comprise* Planning /Control the systems used for planning and positive operations. * Quality the use of quality management policies and practices. * Work Organisation ancestry structures, responsibilities and accountabilities in operations. * Human Resources recruitment and selection, training and development, management style. * New Product increment the syst ems and procedures used to develop and design new products and services.* Performance Measurement financial and non-financial performance management and its linkage to recognition and reward systems. These issues are important to any organisation as this involves the use made up of the operating hardware as discussed above. It is possible to change aspects of operations infrastructure more quickly and considerably than the case for operations structure. Nonetheless the difficulty of doing so should not be underestimated or neither should the impact of making inappropriate infrastructural decisions parallel.ConclusionOrganisational strategy is concerned with the actions a company takes in order to survive and prosper within the environment it operates over the long-term. Strategy can exist at three levels in an organisation which are corporate, business and functional. Any organisations operations strategy includes the totality of the actions and decisions taken within the operatio ns function. The decisions or actions taken have a direct impact on the organisations business and corporate strategy. An organisations operations can be a source of competitive advantage if they are managed strategically in pursuit of a clear goal for operations. These are five possible operations objectives cost, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility.It is flimsy that any operation can excel at all of these simultaneously, so competitive priorities must be determined on which to base the operations strategy. The process of operations strategy concerns the way in which an organisation develops its operations strategy. This might be top-down (i.e. formed in pursuit of its business and corporate strategy), bottom-up (i.e. formed from the actions and decisions taken with operations), market-led (i.e. formed in response to market requirements) or operations-led (based on the resources and capabilities within its operations).The content of operation strategy consists of the key decision areas concerned with the structure (i.e. the physical attributes of facilities, capacity, process technology and supply network) and infrastructure (i.e. planning and control, quality, organisation, human resources, new product development and performance measurement). Through a value chain, operations strategy would be placed in line with the company supply chain strategies and perspectives where business process are involved. This concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions which set the role, objectives and activities of operations. (Slack et al., 2004).ReferencesJohnson, g and Scoles, k Exploring corporate strategy, 6th Edition. England Prentice Hall LtdMiller, R Jentz, G (2009) Fundamentals of Business , 2nd Edition. England Cengage LearningSoulsby, S Marsh, J (2002) Business , 8th Edition.London Nelson Thornes LtdRush, J Ottley, M (2006) Business for students. London Thomson Learningwww.wikipedia.org Accessed 15.20pm 24.1.12